What Is Computer Science? An Introduction

At the heart of innovation, computer science drives advancements that shape how we work, live, and connect. The field encompasses a wide range of disciplines, from software development and computer engineering to cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, data analytics, and cloud computing. In the field of computer science, success relies on strong technical expertise, problem-solving skills, and the motivation to learn and adapt to emerging technologies. Let's explore the field of computer science and discover how earning a bachelor's degree in computer science can provide you with the opportunity to equip yourself with practical skills and a theoretical foundation to excel in a career in technology. 

What Is Computer Science?

So, what is computer science, exactly? 

Computer science is the study of computers and computational systems. The field focuses on computational theory, algorithms, programming, and data structures, using the study of information technology to apply these principles to practical areas such as software development, data analysis, cybersecurity, human-computer interaction, machine learning, and artificial intelligence.  

Why Computer Science Matters

Computer science is the foundation of computer hardware and software. It's responsible for technological innovations that solve complicated problems in almost every industry and sector. Computer science drives innovation and automation while enabling advancements in cybersecurity and artificial intelligence. Additionally, through the nature of the field, computer science students naturally develop valuable skills in logic, reasoning, analytical thinking, critical thinking, and problem-solving. 

What Do Computer Scientists Do?

What a computer scientist does depends on their professional role. However, computer scientists can design and develop hardware, software, and networks. They develop algorithms, write code, invent new models and theories, conduct research, and analyze complex problems in emerging computer science fields, such as data science, robotics, and artificial intelligence. Computer scientists participate in some of the following processes and activities. 

Software Development

Computer scientists develop software for operating systems and other applications. 

Systems and Networks

Computer scientists design hardware to build individual computational systems and networks of computing systems that share data and resources while working together to process information. 

Data Analysis

Computer scientists develop software and database systems that make data science possible with data collection, organization, preservation, and machine learning algorithms for analysis and modeling. 

Artificial Intelligence

Computer scientists are working to develop, train, and advance artificial intelligence with innovative algorithms, data structures, and new AI models, while developing innovative strategies for integrating and deploying AI-powered technology. As computer scientists continue making advancements in artificial intelligence, it will begin reshaping computer science, its study, the practice, and the field. 

Cybersecurity

Computer scientists can also specialize in cybersecurity, designing secure architectures, writing secure code, developing security tools, performing and investigating breaches, conducting research, evaluating new technology, anticipating hacker methods, and advocating for better cybersecurity education, training, and policies. 

Core Skills Needed in Computer Science

Computer scientists need a broad foundation of core technical skills and soft skills to thrive in the field. 

Technical Skills

• Programming Proficiency - Vital for software development, computer scientists should be proficient in programming languages like Python, C++, Java, and JavaScript.
• Mathematical Foundations - Mathematics is the fundamental language of computer science. Computer scientists must have a strong background in mathematics, including discrete mathematics, calculus, linear algebra, probability and statistics, logic, graph theory, number theory, and algorithm analysis.
• Knowledge of Algorithms and Data Structures - Computer scientists create reliable, scalable software by understanding the most efficient ways for organizing and processing data.
• Database and Operating Systems Expertise - An understanding of hardware and software resource management supports database design, modeling, and implementation.
• Cybersecurity Awareness - With the rise of technology and the Internet of Things, cyber threats are becoming increasingly prevalent (increasing 400 percent in 2024), and the demand for computer scientists with cybersecurity expertise is growing. 

Soft Skills

• Problem-Solving - Computer scientists must use logic and creativity to address complex challenges.
• Analytical Thinking - Computer scientists must be able to comprehend large, complicated problems, breaking them down into simplified steps for solving.
• Communication - Computer scientists often need to communicate technical ideas to other industry experts and non-industry professionals.
• Creativity - Computer science exists at the forefront of technology and innovation, requiring creative approaches to solving problems, creating new tech, and tech applications.
• Collaboration - Computer scientists often work in teams. So, the ability to collaborate, share ideas, and contribute to a unified goal is vital.

Different Branches of Computer Science

When exploring the question of “What is computer science?” it’s worth breaking down the different branches of the field. Computer science is a broad field that encompasses several branches. Some computer science fields are old, while others are still emerging. However, all fields are continuously evolving.  

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Artificial intelligence uses machine learning and other methods to create intelligent systems that solve problems, make decisions, and perform tasks. 

Data Science

Computer scientists play an active role in the study of data, using computer science, statistics, and mathematical principles to design, develop, and implement systems for data analysis.

Cybersecurity

This branch of computer science focuses on safeguarding data, computer systems, and networks from unauthorized access and threats. 

Software Engineering

Computer scientists often become software engineers, focusing on the design, development, testing, and maintenance of software systems. 

Human-Computer Interaction

This branch of computer science focuses on the usability, design, and experience of the computer interfaces used by humans. 

Theoretical Computer Science

This abstract branch of computer science focuses on the fundamentals of the field, using mathematical computation to explore possibilities and limits. 

Careers in Computer Science

Each branch of computer science offers different career paths for computer scientists. Knowing which computer science field most interests you can help you determine the career path that is right for you. 

Popular Roles

Some of the most popular and common computer science careers include:

• Software Developer - A software developer or engineer designs, develops, implements, and maintains software applications.
• Data Scientist - Data scientists design, develop, implement, and maintain systems for data mining, data organization, data storage, and data analysis. Data scientists build systems to transform complex data stores into useful information and actionable insights, helping organizations make decisions and improve strategy.
• Information Security Analyst - An information security analyst applies cybersecurity principles and knowledge to protect networks, computer systems, and data from cyber threats by preventing system breaches.
• Systems Architect - A systems architect designs and develops the strategy and structure of an organization's information technology infrastructure.
• Web Developer - Designs, creates, and builds different types of websites.
• Machine Learning Engineer - Works with complex algorithms and computational theory to design and implement machine learning systems to support AI, data analysis, modeling, and other functions. 

Job Outlook

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics anticipates that employment for computer and information research scientists will grow by 20 percent (much faster than the average across all occupations) between 2024 and 2034, projecting an average of 3,200 job openings each year.

How to Become a Computer Science Professional

The computer science career path differs depending on the branch of computer science that you choose to pursue. Following these basic steps, however, can put you on the right track to developing a solid foundation of technical knowledge, core skills, soft skills, relevant experience, and respected credentials. 

Earn a Relevant Degree

The first step in pursuing a career in computer science is usually earning a bachelor's degree in computer science. Most undergraduate programs are designed to provide students with the opportunity to develop comprehensive technical knowledge and a solid understanding of core concepts, including programming languages, algorithms, and software engineering. 

Gain Practical Experience

Aspiring computer scientists should also further develop their skills through real-world applications by gaining practical experience in the field of their choice. Computer science students can seek internship opportunities and research assistant positions, contribute to open-source projects, participate in competitions, and begin building a professional portfolio of personal projects. 

Develop Specialized Skills

When you know which computer science field you wish to pursue, you should begin developing more specialized skills. Select elective coursework and seek out learning opportunities to help you create a skillset that will qualify you for your computer science field of choice. 

Earn Certifications

Computer science certifications are an excellent way for computer scientists to specialize their skill sets further while validating and demonstrating their knowledge, expertise, and abilities. Professional certifications also strengthen a resume, and many are included in specific job qualifications. 

Computer scientists can choose from countless certifications in a variety of niche specializations, such as cybersecurity, cloud computing, networking, project management, and software development. Be sure to consider your career goals, experience level, and the demand for particular credentials when deciding which certifications to pursue. 

Continue Learning

To remain competitive and successful in their careers, computer scientists must be committed to ongoing learning, as the field continually pushes the boundaries of innovation and advancement. To continue developing your skills and keeping up with the latest technology, computer scientists can consider attending industry events and professional training, pursuing advanced degrees and additional certifications, or meeting continuing education requirements to maintain certifications. 

Develop a Technical Foundation to Power the Future of Tech With a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science

Studying with Champlain College Online, computer science students benefit from a forward-thinking curriculum designed by industry experts where they have the opportunity to gain hands-on experience and develop the skills and confidence needed to thrive in the roles that will define the future of technology.

To learn more about our online bachelor's degree in computer science and the coursework included in the program, we welcome you to contact our admissions office today.